Employee Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employee Development - Case Study Example Learning is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Everyone learns on a daily basis. It is not possible to do a good job without learning. Learning is an ongoing lifelong process. No matter how good one is, he has scope to learn and do better. Learning can be done at close quarters or even from a distance. Peter Cresswell, general manager for consultancy services at Siemens, says, "Companies tend to think that they have got a unique problem and struggle with the idea of how to take it forward. But one of the benefits of training is that it allows you to apply a positive solution to any activity. Nothing is unique and nothing is insurmountable through either organizational or personal development" (Employee development coursework assignment). An organization keeps its performance in order by providing constant training to its staff and workers. Training is a learning process within a time frame. It raises the learning curve of an employee and keeps him attuned to the latest gadgets and services. There are many training models to choose from. An organization chooses the model that best suit it purposes. The training model must seek to enhance quality and it is in every employee's interest to develop his performance through training. Businesses producing exceptional results year after year have to thank their training programs for their employees. Training help forge good team work (Employee development coursework assignment). Diversity Issues Culturally diverse workforce makes challenging working environment. Cultural difference, ethnicity, nationalism, cultural identity, cultural taboos, cultural shock, cultural colliding, and diversity can cause difficult times in the work place. Diversity may not mean only racial differences but also differences in gender, age, sex, and religious beliefs. Diversity is the spice of life. It helps individuals and organizations by offering a wide range of options in different situations. Diversity is the combination of seven different colors that combine to give one color - white. However, diversity can also create rifts and class consciousness. Diversity does not mean only adversities. An enlightened management is capable of assimilating the diverse backgrounds and creates harmonious working conditions to achieve excellence. Globalization has been responsible for diversity in many corporations. It is mandatory for corporations to put in place appropriate training of its diverse personnel to

Assignment 6.26 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

6.26 - Assignment Example The find it difficult to live in between two pay checks. Thus it is found that as per the theory of intersecting forms of dominion some get to live a harder life while others live a good life. According to the matrix of dominion it is stated that the experience of people regarding race, class gender and sexuality is different and dependent upon the social location of the people in the structures of race, class, sexuality and gender. In the example of waging a living it is therefore found that the 4 peoples who are talked about belong to different race, gender and color of skin. However all of them face the same difficulty when it comes to running their daily lives based on the wages that they earn. These people of different age groups and different levels of work are linked by the fact that despite working hard for living they feel that they are hustling backwards. The forces that are at act in waging a living are at one hand the forces that are acting towards the oppression of people on one hand and the determination and will of people on the other hand that is forcing or urging them to continue the fight. However the way they fight is different. However all of them have one thing in common and this is related to not resigning to their fates. There are various institutions that have an impact on the lives of the people. One is the government and its role in providing subsidy, then there are educational institutions that shape careers and determine the level of jobs which one gets and then there are unions through which people strive for a better living. The concept refers to the fact that there are multiple practices which leads to the creation of differing and unequal situations in relation to access and control over the means that are related to provisioning and survival (Acher, 2006). For example in the case of Barbara Brooks it was found that as

Pv Value in a Seal Questions and Answers

Pv Value in a Seal Questions and Answers Question 1 (4 marks) List 4 important parameters (not the equation parameters) that are determined by the Pv value in a seal. The suitability of material combinations for the seal faces. The amount of heat generated at the face It also follows that at a given rotational speed An increase in shaft diameter since implies an increase in the Pv value. Assessor Feedback Question 2 (4 marks) The contact property of the interface is influenced by which component in a seal unit? What is the need for seal balance? The fluid pressure in the axial direction is the only pressure component influencing the contact property of the interface. The fluid pressure in the axial direction is the only pressure component influencing the contact property of the interface. Thus, only this component is considered for seal balance and further used to compute the resulting contact force acting on the face. Assessor Feedback Question 3(8 marks) Given the following data, calculate the face area, spring pressure and balance ratios (external and internal) of a seal, for both externally acting and internally acting pressures. Is this Balanced or Unbalanced and why? Seal face contact outer diameter, D = 61.8 mm Effective seal balance diameter, B = 52.6 mm Deal face contact inner diameter, d = 49.2 mm Spring force at working length, F =188 N Calculate the face area of the seal: Α=à Ã¢â€š ¬(D_0^2-D_1^2 )/4 Α=à Ã¢â€š ¬(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-68.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 )/4 =1098.46 à £Ã¢â€š ¬-mmà £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 A=0.001098à £Ã¢â€š ¬- mà £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 Calculate the spring pressure: P_sp=F_sp/A =188/0.00109846 =171148.7 à £Ã¢â€š ¬-N/à £Ã¢â€š ¬-_(m^2 ) =P_sp 0.17115 MPa Calculate the balance ratio for the external loading: B=(D_0^2-D_b^2)/(D_0^2-D_t^2 ) Α=(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-52.6à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2)/(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 ) =1052.48/1398.6 B=0.753 (B Calculate the balance ration for the internal loading B=(D_b^2-D_t^2)/(D_0^2-D_t^2 ) Α=(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-52.6à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2)/(à £Ã¢â€š ¬-61.8à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2-à £Ã¢â€š ¬-49.2à £Ã¢â€š ¬-^2 ) =346.12/1398.6 B=0.25 (B Assessor Feedback Question 4 (4 marks) From the following single mechanical seals, identify the 7 sealing components and other mechanical components, briefly describing their functions? 1)Mating Ring. 2)Primary Sealing Ring. 3) O-ring. 4) O-Ring. 5) Disc. 6) Spring. 7) Retainer. Fluid is to be kept from escaping where the shaft extends through the housing, especially as the shaft rotates. A ring, part 1, with an O-ring, part 4, is sealed against the housing of the container. It is called the mating ring. Another ring, part 2, with an O-ring, part 3, is mounted onto the shaft. It is called the primary sealing ring. The contacting faces of these rings are lapped flat, within light bands. Initial contact between the faces is maintained by a spring, part 6, which pushes them together. The spring reacts against a retainer, part 7 Assessor Feedback Question 5 (4 marks) What difference do you notice between the two mechanical seals shown below. Name them and describe their application. Shows of an outside balanced seal. The shaft packing is forced against the retainer, leaving an area under the seal ring exposed to stuffing box pressure. The closing force exerted by the stuffing box pressure, acting against the shoulder of the seal ring, is slightly greater than the opening force exerted by the liquid film between the faces, thereby keeping the faces in contact at all times. Inside balanced seal illustrates a conventional inside seal that has been balanced. Notice that a step in the shaft has allowed the sealing face of the mating ring to be moved radially inward without decreasing the width of the face itself. The primary sealing ring remains mounted on the original shaft diameter, which means that the closing force remains unchanged. Because we have successfully exposed more of the primary sealing ring face to hydraulic pressure working to open the seal, the design is considered balanced. Assessor Feedback Question 6 (4 marks) Name the primary sealing elements in a single mechanical seal. 1) Primary sealing surfaces. 2) Secondary sealing surfaces. 3) a means of actuation. 4) a means of drive. Assessor Feedback Question 7 (4 marks) While its accepted that solid alumina ceramic seal rings will be considerably more expensive than ceramic coated steel rings, why should they be the preferred choice between the two types of seal ring? When handling corrosive fluids at moderate pressures and velocities: alumina ceramics may be employed as thin coatings or solid rings (preferred!!) For highly corrosive fluids: high purity ceramic alumina can be used. Alumina ceramics have: Relatively low tensile strength Poor resistance to thermal shock Low thermal conductivity High elasticity modulus Assessor Feedback Question 8 (4 marks) Which dynamic secondary sealing element is the preferred type to handle axial movement? Give reasons for your answer. What type of damage does a wedge type secondary seal do to pump shafts/sleeves? Explain how this mechanism works. The pusher type of mechanical seals move axially along the rotating shaft or the sleeve to maintain the contact with the faces of the seal. This feature of these seals helps compensate for the wearing that may occur at the seal face, and wobbling due to misalignment. The pusher types of mechanical seals are used commonly, are less expensive and are easily available in the market in wide range of sizes and designs. The only disadvantage of these seals is that they tend to hang up and sometimes there is fretting of the shaft. Pusher seals utilize a dynamic secondary seal which moves axially with the major seal face. which is either an O-ring, wedge or other type of equipment, across the shaft as a means of compensation for face wear and/or shaft movement. For high temperature (up to 500 deg F) or aggressive chemicals a Teflon wedge ring may be used. Since Teflon is plastic and does not rebound like elastomer, it has to be pushed by spring force into the wedge shaped opening to maintain a seal on the shaft. Non-Pusher type or Bellow seals have no dynamic secondary seal under the movable seal ring. Check Which dynamic secondary sealing element is for axial movement. Operation does not cause shaft wear pusher type seals can handle bi-directional shaft rotation, large pressure, temperature and speed excursions. Assuming a spring-loaded Teflon wedge can also be used as a dynamic shaft seal behind the rotating primary seal ring. The spring and process pressures keep the wedge in contact with the shaft. Like chevrons and U-cups, wedges can only seal in one direction. Because of the tendency for Teflon to cold flow, almost all wedges need to be loaded by one or more springs along with the process pressure. Wedge seals often cause shaft damage by fretting. Assessor Feedback Question 9 (4 marks) What is the distinct advantage offered by a bellows seal? How can the design be improved to accommodate higher pressures? Which bellows material offers the best corrosion resistance? One of the most frequent and serious problems valves face is gland leakage, results in wasted and increased plant downtime. Apart from the high cost of energy losses, Gland leakages can also cause serious environmental, ecological and health hazards to plant workers and personnel. Leakage of sensitive material can also constitute to a fire hazard, explosion, or damage to equipment by corrosive material. Air entering the pipeline could produce inflammable explosive or poisonous mixtures. Gland packed valves often demand continual maintenance in accessibility creating particular difficulties. The bellows comply to conditions at high temperatures and are capable of withstanding over 10,000 cycles without failure. Bellow Seals are also known as Zero Leak Valves or Emission Free Valves The multi-ply bellow design is preferred for handling higher pressure fluids (generally two or three plies of the metal wall). A two ply bellow can increase its pressure rating by 80% to 100% as compared to a single ply bellow of the same thickness. Alternatively, if a single ply bellow of a thickness equivalent to a pressure rating of a two ply bellow is used, the stroke length is reduced. Thus, a multi-ply bellow design offers a distinct advantage over a single ply bellow. The stainless steel bellow material AISI 316Ti which contains Titanium to withstand high temperatures. Alternatively, Inconel 600 or Inconel 625 improve fatigue strength and corrosion resistance as compared with stainless steel bellows. Similarly, Hastalloy C-276 offers greater corrosion resistance and fatigue strength than Inconel 625. Fatigue resistance can be improved by using a multiply bellows system and reducing the stroke length; this can significantly increase the bellow service life. Assessor Feedback Question 10 (6 marks) Do a comparative analysis of inboard and outboard mounting of seals. Inside-mounted seal is the most common in the industry and the most energy-efficient when compared with other sealing methods, such as packing and seal less equipment. They are used in all industries with respect to fluid types and the seals property ranges, pressure speed, diameter and temperature. Inside seals are mounted within the equipment seal chamber the advantages of this design include: The seal can be cooled by the pumped fluid in an enlarged dead-ended chamber, by a product bypass flush or by a clean external flush. Depending on the seal chamber design, the rotary action of the seal assembly may help keep debris away from the seal faces. With proper hydraulic balancing, the product pressure helps keep the seal faces closed. Catastrophic leakage is usually avoided during seal failure. Leakage can be restricted by the stationary elements in the gland. Inside seals are available in many materials and designs. Environmental controls are easily included in the design. Centrifugal forces tend to reduce leakage. Outside seals are mounted external of the equipment housing the advantages of this design include: Outside-mounted seals can be used when the radial or axial space in the chamber is not adequate or access is not available for an inside seal installation. Installation may be easier than with an inside seal. However, most equipment designs still require à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨some disassembly. Less expensive materials may be used since à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨many components may not be exposed to the pumped product. The seal can be observed and monitored for seal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨face wear. Adjustments can be made without à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨equipment disassembly. The seal can often be backed-off for cleaning. Assessor Feedback Question 11 (8 marks) Explain the difference between static and dynamic seals? 0-rings are used for effective sealing in applications. Mostly, they are used to help repair or correct any manufacturing or installation defects seen in glands. 0-rings can be used in static as well as dynamic applications. The make of both these 0-rings will be different owing to the difference in application requirements. The following are some major differences between static and dynamic 0-rings: The material used to manufacture dynamic 0-rings should be tougher than that used to manufacture static 0-rings.This is because the dynamic 0-ring will have to undergo movement while the application is functioning. In dynamic applications, the surface finish and material of the gland should be such that it doesnt abrade the 0-ring during movement otherwise, the 0-ring could tear this is irrelevant in static applications, where the 0-ring doesnt move. 0-rings used in dynamic applications are likely to wear at a faster rate as compared to static 0-rings. This is because dynamic 0-rings are constantly moving. Hence, the interval of maintenance procedures for dynamic 0-rings should be shorter than that of static 0-rings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢All 0-rings should be properly lubricated at all times. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Dyna mic 0-rings require more lubrication than static ones. Depending on the application, static or dynamic seals will be used. O-rings are useful in a varied number of industries and applications. They are effective across a wide range of temperatures and pressures. However, using the right 0-ring for each application will help you increase the reliability and service life of the 0-ring. You can consult with your 0-ring manufacturer on the best fit for your application Assessor Feedback Question 12 (4 marks) Why are mechanical seals preloaded? Name four of the most common types of preloading for pump seals. Depending on the application it may be necessary to have either a positive or a negative operational clearance in the bearing arrangement. In the majority of applications, the operational clearance should be positive, i.e. when in operation, the bearing should have a residual clearance, however slight. However, in many cases, machine tool spindle bearings, pinion bearings in automotive axle drives, bearing arrangements of small electric motors, or bearing arrangements for oscillating movement, where a negative operational clearance, i.e. a preload, is needed to enhance the stiffness of the bearing arrangement or to increase running accuracy. The application of a preload, e.g. by springs, is also recommended where bearings are to operate without load or under very light load and at high speeds. In these cases, the preload serves to provide a minimum load on the bearing and prevent bearing damage as a result of sliding movements of the rolling elements, Helical Compression Spring, Wave Washer Springs, Single Belleville Washer Springs, Elastomeric Preloading Assessor Feedback Question 13 (4 marks) The table below contains a list of commonly used seal materials. For the given set of temperatures in degree centigrade, indicate the suitability of these materials by marking S for suitable and LS for limited suitability of short period durations. Type of Material Temperature in  ° C 50 100 200 300 350 Natural Rubber S S LS Nitrile S S S LS Neoprene S S S LS Viton S S S S S Silicone S S S S S Fluoro-elastomer S S S S S Question 14 (4 marks) What are the characteristics that make pure carbon-graphite the most favoured material in the chemical industry? Strongly anisotropic, Greasy feel, Readily marks, High thermal conductivity, High tensile strength, Low thermal expansion coefficient, Good resistance to thermal shock. Assessor Feedback Question 15 (4 marks) Ignoring temperature limitations, what type of elastomeric material would you suggest for the following applications? Sealing for Vacuum systems Buna-N, silicone, Fluorocarbon, and Perfluorocarbon Applications Vacuum systems Polyurethane Rotary shaft seals Fluorocarbon, Polyacrylate Applications that require high tear and abrasion resistance Natural Rubber Question 16 (4 marks) Why is it difficult to achieve a perfectly uniform load distribution across the shaft circumference, when using a single coil spring? What does this condition further lead to? What are the main advantages associated with the use of multi-coil springs? Typically, a single-coil spring used for a seal head has a relatively large wire cross section and therefore provides more substance to combat corrosion from the system fluid. But it is rigid in construction because of which there is difficulty in achieving a perfectly uniform load distribution across the shaft circumference. This may in turn lead to distortion of the primary seal ring face and this is particularly critical at high rotational shaft speeds. This arrangement consists of a series of small coil springs uniformly distributed along the circumference of the seal cartridge. The chief advantage with this design is that the possibility of distortion of the primary seal ring face is minimized and this is particularly true at higher rotational speeds of the shaft. The use of multiple-coil springs makes seal design independent of seal diameter sizes. Deterioration arising from chemical corrosion can be greatly minimized by the use of stainless steel for spring manufacture. Assessor Feedback Question 17 (4 marks) What is the three-point contact method? Explain in brief, the procedure involved. Three-point contact method where three setscrews positioned at 120 ° from each other ensure squareness of the rotating face, by deforming the sleeve to the shaft OD. Another set of three setscrews also located 120 ° apart and positioned between the earlier set of screws, enable locking of the sleeve to the shaft. Assessor Feedback Question 18 (4 marks) Metal impregnations are sometimes added to graphite seal rings in order to improve their properties. Give three areas of concern when selecting these metal additions. Both the metal filler and the carbon have to be compatible to the sealed liquid. The metal will heat up and expand more rapidly than the carbon. The coefficient of friction of the metal will be higher than the parent carbon and the seal face will run hotter than if it were made just from pure carbon. Assessor Feedback Question 19 (4 marks) Outline the nature of seal malfunction that may be caused by the following: Incorrect pressure differential between inside and outside seal face sets Cavitation or vaporization of liquid between sealing faces Thermal distress of material Large bearing clearances A change in temperature. Many products solidify at temperature extremes, the product is taking a pressure drop across the seal faces and solidifying. The inner face of a back to back double seal application is not positively locked in position. A snap ring must be installed to prevent the inboard stationary face from moving towards the rotating face when the high pressure barrier fluid pressure is lost or overcome by system pressure. Erosion / Corrosion. An accelerated attack caused by a combination of corrosion and mechanical wear. Vaporization, liquid turbulence, vane passing syndrome, and suction recirculation are special cases often called cavitation. Solids in the liquid and high velocity increase the problem Heat checking is caused by thermal distress of the material resulting in small radial cracks. Scoring may be present or uneven wear with the heat checking on the high spots. Occurs typically with tungsten carbides and silicon carbides Seal drips when stationary and when the shaft is rotating. Seal may pop from flashing during operation. The tendency for a seal to wedge is enhanced by a rough surface, lack of lubrication and high reciprocating speeds. Wedging is unlikely to occur with small clearance gaps in the range of 0.0550.127mm (0.002-0.005 inch). For clearances greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) the possibility of wedging always exists as the radial clearance increases, the axial clearance increases as well the more room (radial clearance), the more the elements can shift in relation to each other. With a higher clearance there is more tolerance of thermal expansion effects, differential temperature between the inner and outer faces. Assessor Feedback Question 20 (4 marks) The leakage rate in a seal while running is found to be constant. Can the reason be attributed to a damaged seal face? State three important causes for each of the below: Intermittent leakage There is a leak between the face and the holder that becomes visible only when the unit comes up to operating temperature. A bending or bent shaft is causing the seal outside diameter to contact the inside diameter of the stuffing box, or some other stationary object. The shaft/ sleeve is too large in diameter and it is restricting movement of the seal. Spring loaded dynamic elastomers such as Teflon ® wedges, U- cups, chevrons and spring loaded O-ring designs are very sensitive to this problem Constant dripping in a seal. There is damage in the O-ring groove. Maybe the O-ring was removed with a sharp metal instrument and this has caused a scratch in the O-ring groove. Leaking between the gland and the stuffing box. This leak path is very visible in most applications Leaking between the cartridge sleeve and the shaft Question 21 (6 marks) It is a requirement to identify and select a suitable mechanical seal for a given application and process. What is the nature and type of questions that you would raise, in order to help arrive at the right selection? General Selection Considerations The process of mechanical seal selection involves a thorough evaluation of many important factors that include: Shaft diameter Rotational rubbing speed in the contact faces Service temperature Process fluid pressure Physical and chemical properties of the various liquid constituents Mechanical/structural properties of the primary seal components Environmental control systems Properties and resistance characteristics of the secondary sealing components. Pressure. Assessor Feedback Question 22 (4 marks) Which of the following conditions satisfy the requirements for sealing high-speed applications? Explain in brief: Lower spring load at seal faces Increased hydraulic balance ratio Face combinations such as carbon vs. tungsten carbide Stationary seal designs Number 4. Stationary seal designs: The Internal seal configuration, with the seal heads mounted stationary and the seal seats rotating with the shaft is advantageous, especially in high-speed applications where dynamic balancing considerations demand minimum mass of the rotating parts Assessor Feedback Question 23 (6 marks) A change in pumping fluid temperature adversely affect the seals in the stuffing boxes. What are the effects and How do you control the temperature in the stuffing box and the seal? a)Many fluids are adversely affected by a change in their temperature, and when this change takes place, seal failure is almost sure to follow. The failure can take several forms: Coated hard faces can heat check (crack). Elastomers can take a compression set and crack at elevated temperature Cold temperatures can cause elastomers to harden. The liquid can crystallize, restricting seal movement and open the faces. The liquid can vaporize between the faces forcing them open. The viscosity of the fluid can change either restricting seal movement, or making the fluid less of a lubricant. The liquids corrosion rate will double with an 18 ° Fahrenheit (10 ° C) rise in temperature. The liquid can convert to a film between the sliding seal components, restricting their movements. The magnetite that forms in hot water is a good example of this. A film can form on the seal faces causing them to separate. Lapped seal faces can distort and go out of flat at elevated or cryogenic temperatures. b) A balanced mechanical seal and installed at the proper compression, is your best insurance against a significant rise in stuffing box temperature: Proper face balance. 70/ 30 is the most common to 5000 fpm. (25 Meters per sec.) Low friction face materials. Carbon/graphite vs. a silicon carbide hard face is the best. The correct spring compression to control face loading. Faces with good heat conductivity. Tungsten carbide and silicon carbide have excellent thermal conductivity compared to most other hard face materials. A small cross section carbon/ graphite face press fitted into a metal holder is better than solid carbon/ graphite for removing heat from between the lapped faces. Sometimes, that is not good enough, so occasionally youll have to come up with some additional method of controlling the temperature in the stuffing box area and between the lapped seal faces. A heating /cooling jacket, quench flush or drain connection, dual seal, heat exchanger Assessor Feedback Question 24 (4 marks) The mechanical shaft seal should be selected according to the operating conditions at the shaft seal location. What important factors must be considered when selecting a mechanical shaft seal? For a specific ap

Vet Essay -- essays research papers fc

Veterinarians   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic I chose was veterinarians. What is a vet (short for veterinarian)? â€Å"Vets are animal doctors† says Dee Ready. They care for sick animals. â€Å"Just as people visit the doctor when they are sick, animals need help of doctors too† says Betsy Imershein.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What do veterinarians do? The vet may operate, fix a broken bone or give an animal a shot. Whatever is wrong with an animal is what the vet has to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are different kinds of vets. Some care for pets. This includes dogs, cats, birds and things of that nature. Others care for farm animals. This includes cows, pigs, goats, sheep, horses or other things you would find on a farm. â€Å"The large animal vet makes house calls† says Rod Bellville and Cheryl Walt Bellville and they also said that â€Å"large animals vets frequently vaccinate small animals during a farm visit.† Other vets work at the zoo and they never know what they have to work on, like lions, tigers and monkeys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What do veterinarians wear? When they are in a lab, they wear lab coats. When they are on a farm, they wear coveralls and tall rubber boots, according to what environment they are in decides.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What tools do veterinarians use? They use the same type as human doctors but made for animals like a stethoscope and syringes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs...

Patient Satisfaction Survey Essay

Healthcare is a very important aspect of today’s society. Thus, there is a conscious effort on the part of all stakeholders to constantly monitor the quality of healthcare services provided to patients in order to determine the need for improvement or innovation. The primary concern of this effort is the improvement of the present health condition of the people and the ethical concept of promoting life itself due to which, significant efforts and concerns are always given for the quality of healthcare services. (Fleming, 2004, 16). In order to effect this laudable goal of assessing the quality of healthcare provided by different concerned institutions, tools such as surveys are developed and used. Surveys that assess the level of satisfaction derived by patients from health care providers could be helpful for the improvement of services (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2007). On a daily basis, feedback from patients could give insight on the kind of service they experience in hospitals or other medical facilities (Kowalczyk, 2005; Fahy, 2008). Medicare, in an effort to understand the needs and experiences of patients, came up with the Patient Satisfaction Survey program. Problem Statement. In order to gain better understanding of the Patient Satisfaction Survey, as well as its effects on the behavior of professionals belonging to the health care industry, research that is based mainly on current literature is aimed to be conducted. Review of existing literature on the subject of patient satisfaction through the Medicare program called Patient Satisfaction Survey (Health Resources and Services Administration) could give substantial information on the institutions that implemented the project and feedback from different stakeholders. Such information could shed light on the effectiveness of the project vis-a-vis the intent for its launch. Patient satisfaction on the kind of service received from health care institutions like hospitals could be determined through the survey tool formulated by Medicare (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2007). Hospitals who implement the program would be able to churn out a good number of accomplished survey forms on a daily basis (Kowalczyk, 2005; Fahy, 2008). Research on data from such institutions would therefore be very helpful in gaining insight on the kind of performance that a hospital is able to give to its patients. The literature review could give answers to a lot of heretofore unanswered questions concerning various aspects of the health care industry, such as the speed with which a patient’s call is attended to by a health care professional, the degree of attention given by a physician to a patient’s concerns, and the cleanliness of health care facilities (Kowalczyk, 2005; Skehan & Petrillo, 2003). Significance of the Study  Since the Medicare Survey, particularly the questions and answers, would be posted on its website in an effort to push hospitals into improving health care and promote quality service delivery (Kowalczyk, 2005; Skehan & Petrillo, 2003), current literature could help paint a picture of the state of health services being given to patients across the United States today. Existing literature could also show how far implementation of the project has come through, especially the institutions that have adopted and enforced the program. A particular question that needs to be addressed by the literature is the effect of the survey results on the perception and belief of patients on the hospitals they choose to serve their medical needs. Thus, it is important that the facts to be gathered include tables, graphs and statistics that would show the general trend and effect of the survey results on the mindset of the patients.

Night by Elie Wiesel Essay

Symbolism is a powerful way for authors to convey a message or feeling to a reader. This idea of symbolism is heavily used by Lie Wishes in his account of the holocaust, Night. He uses concepts such as night time, faith, suffering and family to send a significant message to his readers. Symbolism is not only an important concept in literature but also in life. Wishes stresses the importance of remembrance and education through the symbolism in his memoir. Night is a heavily used concept used by Wishes. Not only is it the title of the book but it carries an underlying implication.The general emotions evoked by the notion of night are loneliness, vulnerability and sometimes even fear. As children and very often even as adults, night and darkness create a sense of fear within us. It often causes people to feel alone and enclosed. Associated with night is darkness. A connotation of this is that night blinds you with its darkness. These Ideas can be applied to the emotions felt by victims of the holocaust. To those people it felt like the end. Many of these people did things that they wouldn't have normally done because of fear, of being blinded.Wishes discusses how much concentration camp ad changed him. After seeing his father hit by a Gypsy Wishes states â€Å"l stood petrified. What had happened to me? My father had Just been struck, In front of me, and I had not even blinked. I had watched and kept silent. Only yesterday, I would have dug my nails into this criminal's skin. Had I changed that much? So fast? â€Å". Prisoners had lost faith in life and In their religion. To them It was a dark and lonely hell that they would never escape. Perhaps one of the most paramount symbols used Is that of the â€Å"angelic pile†.Three prisoners where brought In chains, a child being one. The two older adults died with ease as the gallows were placed around their neck but the child had a significantly harder time, as he struggled between life and death. This was an unshakable experience for the Jewish people forced to observe this cruel punishment. Although sad, this event has great meaning to the story. The â€Å"angelic pile† symbolizes the struggle of all Jewish people during the holocaust. The struggle they all faced day In and day out between life and death. Prisoners watching this struggle asked where God had gone. Behind me, I heard the same man asking: ‘For god's sake, where Is God? And from within me, I heard a voice answer: Where He Is? This Is where- hanging here from this gallows†¦ â€Å". The young child dying symbolized that God had died along with him; this horrific event had caused people to lose their faith In God. Wishes and thousands of prisoners Like him had lost their faith last night, for many It would never return. Ell Wishes challenges our emotions with his personal account of the holocaust. Night and the Angelic Pile are only two of the many powerful symbols used to Invoke these potent emotions.Wish es encourages all of mankind to remember what appended In those horrifying years rather than to turn a blind eye. HIS compelling memoir. Connotation of this is that night blinds you with its darkness. These ideas can be petrified. What had happened to me? My father had Just been struck, in front of me, Prisoners had lost faith in life and in their religion. To them it was a dark and lonely Perhaps one of the most paramount symbols used is that of the â€Å"angelic pile†. Three prisoners where brought in chains, a child being one. The two older adults they all faced day in and day out between life and death.Prisoners watching this odd's sake, where is God? And from within me, I heard a voice answer: Where He is? This is where- hanging here from this gallows†¦ â€Å". The young child dying symbolized faith in God. Wishes and thousands of prisoners like him had lost their faith last night, for many it would never return. Lie Wishes challenges our emotions with his personal account of the holocaust. Invoke these potent emotions. Wishes encourages all of mankind to remember what happened in those horrifying years rather than to turn a blind eye. His compelling and moving symbolism supplicates education and remembrance in a truly chilling

Portrayal of Satan in Movies essays

Portrayal of Satan in Movies essays When we think of the portrayal of Lucifer in the different texts, films, and religions, there are many things that are common traits. Using two different sources, the movies End of Days (1999, directed by Peter Hyams) and Devil's Advocate (1997, directed by Taylor Hackford), I will compare them to the Bible to show the ways that Lucifer (or the more commonly known as Satan) is portrayed, both visually and behaviourally. The first thing that needs to be explored is the way Lucifer is portrayed visually within these two references. The first, both chronologically and by importance would be the Bible. Originally, in the Garden of Eden Lucifer is portrayed a serpent with legs. Nowhere in the Bible does it come right out and say that the serpent in the garden was actually Lucifer, but it is heavily implied throughout the book that it was him. After the serpent convinces Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit, God says, So the LORD God said to the serpent, Because you have done this, Cursed are you above all the livestock and all the wild animals! You will crawl on your belly and you will eat dust all the days of your life (Genesis 3:14). This is the first time Lucifer (or at least what everyone is convinced is Lucifer) is portrayed with a visual reference in the bible. All throughout the bible, Lucifer is given a serpent like appearance, as in Revelations 20:2, And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years (Revelations 20:2). In the movie End of Days, you don't see Lucifer portrayed right off, you merely hear his voice saying, Behold the thousand years has ended, and you have failed. However, before Lucifer is even portrayed in the movie, there is a reference to the serpent form. A child that he is destined to become betrothed is born and is taken down where a snake is sliced open and some of its blood fed to her. Later in the...

Study of shore crab response to intertidal stimuli essays

Study of shore crab response to intertidal stimuli essays Since its itroduction to the New Jersey shore in 1988, the western Pacific shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus has spread to inhabit rocky intertidal locations along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina (McDermott 1998). Many reasons have been proposed to explain the rapid spread of this non-indiginous species. For example, it has been shown that H. sanguineus has longer spawning periods along the mid-Atlantic coast than it does in its natural habitat in the western Pacific Ocean, due to a more favorable climate (Epifanio et al 1998). For this reason, these crabs are able to spawn more times per season than indigenous crabs, providing one possible hypothesis For this species to expand its range along the Atlantic coast, it will need to have wide tolerances to temperature and salinity. In 1998 Epifanio found that The purpose of this study is to show the tolerance and behavioral responses of H. sanguineus to varying water and air temperatures, and water salinity concentrations. It is believed that these crabs will be very tolerant to the various extreme conditions that they will be put through. It is the ability of these crabs to survive in these unfavorable situations that is key to their success. This experiment was also designed to prove the hypothesis that the tolerance of H. sanguineus to various environmental factors increases In February 2000, a field trip was taken to Crane Neck Point to collect live specimens for the experiment. The field trip was conducted at low tide. The water temperature was approximately 3 degrees Celcius, with the air temperature slightly above freezing (0-1 degree Celcius). Live crabs were obtained by overturning rocks in the intertidal zone. Hemigrapsus sanguineus was found at all levels of the intertidal zone, although their numbers increased as one moved toward the waterline. The crabs were collected wi...

Asserting Your Independence by Testing The Boundaries of Sexuality in The Storm

I am involved in my own personal marriage duties to people other than myself. But as the story goes on, their enthusiasm for each other exceeds the desire to keep dedicated to partners. The vast majority of the storm story means that testing the boundaries of human sexuality is one of the more passionate forms of asserting independence. This approach is very different from the opposition of traditional culture, which is completely opposite to experiments and passions other than self-marriage. Author Kate Chopin expresses women's freedom with her two short stories Storm and One Hour Story. She is a landmark writer of women's independence and human sexuality. Through these two short stories, Chopin describes the lives of two women who have found their freedom in times when society can not accept equality between women and men. Arashi uses love and marriage as a comprehensive passion to impede freedom. One hour story connects love and marriage to misfortune and depression I am involved in my own personal marriage duties to people other than myself. But as the story goes on, their enthusiasm for each other exceeds the desire to keep dedicated to partners. The vast majority of the storm story means that testing the boundaries of human sexuality is one of the more passionate forms of asserting independence. - INTRODUCTION John Milton is widely believed to be familiar with Dante Alighieri who has a great influence on Milton's epic Paradise Lost. The meaning of comedy of God to Milton is especially in hell of Dante and in Purgatorio. The scholars quoted Dante's huge response to Milton's work and compared the two great poets over the centuries. Asserting Your Independence by Testing The Boundaries of Sexuality in The Storm I am involved in my own personal marriage duties to people other than myself. But as the story goes on, their enthusiasm for each other exceeds the desire to keep dedicated to partners. The vast majority of the storm story means that testing the boundaries of human sexuality is one of the more passionate forms of asserting independence. This approach is very different from the opposition of traditional culture, which is completely opposite to experiments and passions other than self-marriage. Author Kate Chopin expresses women's freedom with her two short stories Storm and One Hour Story. She is a landmark writer of women's independence and human sexuality. Through these two short stories, Chopin describes the lives of two women who have found their freedom in times when society can not accept equality between women and men. Arashi uses love and marriage as a comprehensive passion to impede freedom. One hour story connects love and marriage to misfortune and depression I am involved in my own personal marriage duties to people other than myself. But as the story goes on, their enthusiasm for each other exceeds the desire to keep dedicated to partners. The vast majority of the storm story means that testing the boundaries of human sexuality is one of the more passionate forms of asserting independence. - INTRODUCTION John Milton is widely believed to be familiar with Dante Alighieri who has a great influence on Milton's epic Paradise Lost. The meaning of comedy of God to Milton is especially in hell of Dante and in Purgatorio. The scholars quoted Dante's huge response to Milton's work and compared the two great poets over the centuries.

Electronic Health Records in the UK Research Paper

Electronic Health Records in the UK - Research Paper Example This is in part informed on the fact policy debates are fueled by bogus, self-defeating attitudes. One of such thinking is that the United States is incapable of affording to cover the uninsured, when in real sense a synchronized monetary system is the chief instrument for cutting cost down, and there relatively inexpensive ways to do it. Even more, the biggest viewpoint, seized by many medical specialists, is that they would be unable to find more authority than they have before now under commercial managed care. Nevertheless, health care systems elsewhere grant medical specialists superior institutional muscle (James, 2005). In the fall of June 1941, a British civil servant, radio personality and educator Sir William Beveridge was requested to execute social modernization after World War II. He had previously worked as a civil servant whereby he interacted with the impoverished in the East of London. At this time, Beveridge observed the numerous paradoxical, biased programs for une mployment, housing, child support, amid other programs run by various departments under conflicting doctrines. As a result, Sir William Beveridge concluded that the only crucial approach was to deal with all the programs at once, in a manner that would form affiliations among the individual and state. The Beveridge account Social Insurance and Allied Services, advocated for all-inclusive health care as an element of a postwar government grand plan endorsing employment, housing, education and social security. However the Beveridge preparation provided just a preface and faltering sketch, it recognized an important vision and became an instant success. The Beveridge report for tax-based state health service as a communal good provided a rudimentary alternative to the existing Bismarck plan of National Health Service (Polly, 2003). Waiting records are a universal pressure valve in numerous systems that cut back on far too much spending. In the National Health System, the standard waiti ng time for discretionary hospital-based care is 46 days. The distinction by social status in seeking services, and admittance are nominal by international standards, though more affluent people are always adept at maneuvering any public service. The British system has been privileged to have private sector for the rich who want faster and plusher optional care. This quarter clinical value is not superior by a margin of 9 percent. The formulated policies favor a duplicative coverage for voluntary dealings for which medical professionals charge very abnormal fees. Private care is intense in the larger London quarter and other cities. Currently, all private admittance and day cases total more than 2%. The world and International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization have played a crucial role in the transformation of British Health sector (Scott, Randall & Vogt 2007). The existing design for the new NHS by the current British government is even more determined than the transf ormation shaped by Margaret Thatcher. The NHS was largely criticized as no longer affordable and or sustainable. Restraining it to an emergency and benefit service would have been glaringly politically practicable and would have been received well by the public-private joint venture premises of

HRM Part of a module in a Business degree Assignment

HRM Part of a module in a Business degree - Assignment Example After the candidates appear for tests and interviews, the best amongst them is chosen for the job under consideration. This person then gets hired with either a contractual job or a fixed one. In essence, the recruitment and selection procedures entail of the different norms that take place from the starting to the finish. The procedures comprise of all the tasks which are deemed as significant in the selection process (Smith & Robertson, 1993). It must be understood here that the selection processes are very cumbersome at times because they involve a lot of thinking on the part of the selection committees within the workplace domains. They have to work towards completion of tasks as well as solve the problems related with hiring the best individual for the said position. It is indeed a headache for some of the organizations in the time and age of today, and quite rightly so, due to a host of factors involved with the eventual recruitment process. Selection procedures include the dif ferent selection tools which are the interviews, the exams, the psychological and stress related tests, medical exams and so on. The manner in which these exams and interviews come about depends a great deal on the way the selection processes are aligned within the domain of the organization itself. ... In fact the human resources department has the most important role in the selection process because it has to forward the soundest individual to the top management for the sake of interview, after he/she has cleared the exam and medical test. Hence the ideological basis of the human resources department is of utmost essence within the related scheme of selection processes that work to good effect in producing viable results in recruitment and selection domains. The selection processes work towards building the core competencies of the individuals as well as detailing them with regards to what is deemed as the most significant rationale for the organization with respect to these employees. It is pertinent to understand that these selection processes will bring in the much touted results and there would not be any problems in the wake of hiring the right people for the right jobs. Recruitment and selection are taken of as being the most significant yardsticks for discerning how sound t he strategic human resource management will shape up within any organization. What this implies is the fact that reasonably adequate individuals are recruited and selected for the jobs as this shall bring in the goals and objectives which have been envisaged by the organization in the past. There is a great deal of learning which shapes up the strategic human resource management; and how the same is dealt with has to be given proper consideration as well. This is because recruitment and selection matters discuss how well people are suited to perform their jobs and what best they can do to bring out solid results for the sake of the organization that is under discussion. The top management

International Youth Forum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Youth Forum - Term Paper Example We are expecting to have an average of 800 audiences per day. The charges for the tickets will be collected on the days of the show. The speakers have agreed to receive 50 percent of their fees right after the programme and the remaining after 45 days. The speakers are professionals and some of them are from different parts of the world. Their fee varies from 3,200 to 6,800 per day. The artists belong to a single agency that has agreed to charge a lump sum fee for the entire programme. The agency promotes art derived from various cultures in the world. Due to the close connection between our motives, it has agreed to provide us a discount. A local restaurant owner has volunteered to take care of the brunch arrangements. He has provided an estimation of 14.55 per plate. The payment for the brunch will partly be paid after 30 days of the programme. A situation where the actual income would be less than the expected income by more than twenty five percent has been considered. In such a situation, the Foundation can recover the difference by conducting a Fund Raising Show. The artists' agency that has agreed to perform in the Forum has also volunteered to work hand-in-hand with the Foundation in the future. The Foundation also intends to encourage the youngsters participating in the Forum to promote the Foundation's activities in their countries. This step is expect

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example For a long time, public administration has reluctantly been viewed as a science by several other disciplines. Perhaps, this is attributable to the idea that public administration theories rely on other disciplines in predicting and explaining relationships among elements articulated in its administrative functions. Nevertheless, public administration system entails studying human beings in an organizational setting, but which operates in a political environment (Rabin et al 2006). In this regard, public administration theory is derived from other disciplines, but studied as a single entity due to its unique traits of enjoining different dynamics to have an effective administration. In a broader sense, public administration is explained by two theories; universal design theory and situational design theory (Farazmand, 2001). In universal design theory, scientific management, classical and bureaucratic theories explains the structuring the public administration. Situational theory deno tes on the human aspect of the organization. Common theories that emphasize on this theory include behavioral approach, system approach and human relations theory among others. In the United States, the public administration can be argued to have utilized theories of public administration effectively. However, Milakovich & Gordon (2012) argued that it is indispensable for the public administration to consider exploring all available ways of bridging the existing gaps. For instance, with the increase in the number of migrants in the United States, the department of homeland security has been face with the challenge of controlling foreigners streaming to the United States. Going by the scientific management theory, Fredrick Winslow Taylor emphasized on the need to have social prosperity between the workers and the management. This aims at developing science of each element of man’s work and

Managing Exchange Rate Risk (SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Exchange Rate Risk (SLP) - Essay Example The discussion will begin with the statement that with respect to the proposed questions, taking Euro as the country’s currency and converting $90000 into Euro at the present rate. The present rate is USD/Euro = 0.7452, which gives Euro 67068 on the ongoing rate. Â  There is a mixed trend of the exchange rate, initially a decreasing trend from Nov30, 2011 to Dec2, 2011 then an increasing trend but still not close to what it was in the beginning of the week. It clearly shows volatility in the rates. When comparing daily values for the last week of December 2010, a clear decreasing trend is shown. It is reflecting the weakness of dollar value and the need to hedge the risk of losing value. While analyzing the trend in the last week of Dec 2009, it can be observed that there is a similar decreasing trend in the rates but an increase on the last day of the year. Hedging of Foreign exchange risk depends on the volatility in the exchange rates value of the currency with which the c ompany is doing business. A company working in Europe has to clearly identify the past trends of the USD/Euro in order to see the significant impact on its investment. After going through the trends and the decreasing value of the dollar, the company is very much prone to foreign exchange risk. The company should definitely hedge its currency to cover itself from negative fluctuations which might impact its financials. When a company operates internationally it is exposed to fluctuation in the exchange rates and it needs to hedge itself against it. When profit is to be exchanged in the domestic currency of operations, the negative changes in exchange rate impacts the profit. Similarly, when dealing with foreign exchange transaction and portfolio, an individual or a company is exposed to foreign exchange risk. In the above case, the trends clearly show that the company operating in Europe needs to hedge its currency in order to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

International Youth Forum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Youth Forum - Term Paper Example We are expecting to have an average of 800 audiences per day. The charges for the tickets will be collected on the days of the show. The speakers have agreed to receive 50 percent of their fees right after the programme and the remaining after 45 days. The speakers are professionals and some of them are from different parts of the world. Their fee varies from 3,200 to 6,800 per day. The artists belong to a single agency that has agreed to charge a lump sum fee for the entire programme. The agency promotes art derived from various cultures in the world. Due to the close connection between our motives, it has agreed to provide us a discount. A local restaurant owner has volunteered to take care of the brunch arrangements. He has provided an estimation of 14.55 per plate. The payment for the brunch will partly be paid after 30 days of the programme. A situation where the actual income would be less than the expected income by more than twenty five percent has been considered. In such a situation, the Foundation can recover the difference by conducting a Fund Raising Show. The artists' agency that has agreed to perform in the Forum has also volunteered to work hand-in-hand with the Foundation in the future. The Foundation also intends to encourage the youngsters participating in the Forum to promote the Foundation's activities in their countries. This step is expect

Managing Exchange Rate Risk (SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Exchange Rate Risk (SLP) - Essay Example The discussion will begin with the statement that with respect to the proposed questions, taking Euro as the country’s currency and converting $90000 into Euro at the present rate. The present rate is USD/Euro = 0.7452, which gives Euro 67068 on the ongoing rate. Â  There is a mixed trend of the exchange rate, initially a decreasing trend from Nov30, 2011 to Dec2, 2011 then an increasing trend but still not close to what it was in the beginning of the week. It clearly shows volatility in the rates. When comparing daily values for the last week of December 2010, a clear decreasing trend is shown. It is reflecting the weakness of dollar value and the need to hedge the risk of losing value. While analyzing the trend in the last week of Dec 2009, it can be observed that there is a similar decreasing trend in the rates but an increase on the last day of the year. Hedging of Foreign exchange risk depends on the volatility in the exchange rates value of the currency with which the c ompany is doing business. A company working in Europe has to clearly identify the past trends of the USD/Euro in order to see the significant impact on its investment. After going through the trends and the decreasing value of the dollar, the company is very much prone to foreign exchange risk. The company should definitely hedge its currency to cover itself from negative fluctuations which might impact its financials. When a company operates internationally it is exposed to fluctuation in the exchange rates and it needs to hedge itself against it. When profit is to be exchanged in the domestic currency of operations, the negative changes in exchange rate impacts the profit. Similarly, when dealing with foreign exchange transaction and portfolio, an individual or a company is exposed to foreign exchange risk. In the above case, the trends clearly show that the company operating in Europe needs to hedge its currency in order to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

The Role of Myanmar Poems in Environmental Conservation Essay Example for Free

The Role of Myanmar Poems in Environmental Conservation Essay I would first like to express my thanks to the organizers of the Irrawaddy Literature Festival for this opportunity to discuss my â€Å"view on the significant role of Myanmar traditional Literature and culture in environmental conservation and sustainable development†. The topic I have chosen is on how Myanmar traditional poems can contribute towards environmental conservation and sustainable development from the aesthetic perspective. Like all organism, human beings rely on the natural environment for survival and well-being. But, unlike other living beings human needs not only physical nutrients, but mental supplement such as aesthetic feeling plays a vital role for his survival. Appreciation of beauty is one of the distinctive element that distinguishes humans from other creatures, that is, we like to live in beautiful places full of blooming flowers, green trees, singing birds as mental nutrients while we need fresh air and clean water with full of minerals as our physical nutrients. The natural environment provide our aesthetic needs through its amazing beauty such as ranges of purple mountain, snowy peak, green forests and prairies, the far-reaching spaces of blue oceans and colourful seashells, flowing yellowish rivers, the twittering sounds of birds and beasts with their mates, colourful flowers in bloom, and so forth. In my view the beauty of nature has always stimulated awareness that we have to preserve our environment to preserve this beauty. Today this beauty is rapidly vanishing; mega cities have replaced many beautiful landscapes and this has left human beings empty-hearted. It may be one of the causes in the rise of crime and violence in the inner cities of megapolices. The phenomena of natural world have historically been the subject and object of aesthetics. When we use the term ‘natural’ it has been conceptualized as the beautiful, pastoral, sublime, and picturesque. These aesthetic categories have historically functioned to frame and construct the natural world for us against a human, technologically determined environment. Environmental Aesthetics leads into questions and forms an analysis of our aesthetic relationship Dr. Le Le Wynn, Professor Head, Department of Philosophy, University of Yangon Irrawaddy Literary Festival (Myanmar) 3-2-2013 2 and judgments of the natural world as a methodology for setting up a better relationship that will promote environmental respect; not just preservation. 1 In his A Sand County Almanac, the founder of ecological science Aldo Leopold stated that â€Å"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community† and â€Å"It is wrong when it tends otherwise. † 2 It means that integrity, stability, and beauty are necessary for preserving the natural environment. Of these, integrity and beauty are especially human concerns because nonhuman beings that live in the biotic community are not concerned with ethical or aesthetical value. Besides, it seems to suggest that both ethical and aesthetical considerations are crucial for the environmental conservation. Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, stated that beautiful items in nature such as flowers, birds, and seashells provide a source of disinterested pleasure because their significant form alone can lead us to pleasurable imagination and understanding. â€Å"Beauty is a symbol of Morality,† and â€Å"The enjoyment of nature is the mark of a good soul† are key sayings of Kant. For him, the shared enjoyment of a sunset or a beach shows there is harmony between us all, and the world. In this respect, judgments of pure beauty, being selfless, initiate one into the moral point of view. 3 For that reason, it is clear that the role of aesthetic appreciation of Nature is crucial for awakening the human’s conscience with regard to ethical responsibility to the natural environment. In this sense, environmental aesthetics stresses its interest in the potentialities of artistic representations which can stimulate aesthetic appreciation which will lead to realization of the ethical obligations of human being towards nature. In fact, it is an undeniable fact that the power of aesthetic stimulation of the perceptual faculties of humans is more effective than the power of ethical guidelines to their conceptual awareness of them. In Myanmar culture, like other Eastern traditions, it is usually considered that human beings and natural environment coexist peacefully side by side in the world. This idea is reflected in the writings of Myanmar Poets and Authors. http://unnatural. ucsc. edu/environmental_aesthetics/index. htm Aldo Leopold (1981). ‘A Sand County Almanac’, The Land Ethic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 237-265. 3 Barry Hartley Slater. ‘Aesthetics’, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.  http://www.iep.utm.edu/

Heart Rate Changes In Different Genders Physical Education Essay

Heart Rate Changes In Different Genders Physical Education Essay This report sets out research based on prior experience and literature carrying out the study of relations between exercise and respiration eventually resulting in variation in pulse rate. In essence the research proposal seeks to understand more about the effect and cause relationship to come out with precise results. The report details the methodological issues connected with the research and it explores the choices and assumptions necessary in planning the research. The aim of the study was to see the effect of age and gender on pulse rate variation in response to exercise. For this investigation we made sure the practical is safe because we would not do things that would affect people and also we would not be dangerous to others. We needed to use pulse-meter to check pulse rate down every finding. In our research it was expected that the pulse rate would increase during the time of exercise and also the breathing rate would be faster than normal and that gender and age would affe ct the pulse rate of people. The weights (dumbles) were given to the subjects to use for five minute and one of us assisted them to make sure they used the weights properly. The pulse rate was noted down before the experiment with the help of pulse meter and was recorded again after carrying out the five minute round of exercise with the weights. The ages and gender were also noted. The results of the experiment proved that the pulse rate increased by a substantial amount after the exercise had been completed and that females had a higher pulse rate than men. Moreover, it was seen that age mens ages increase, their pulse rate increases and there was no correlation between females ages and their pulse rates. This experiment tests the effects of age, gender and exercise on pulse  rate. Pulse rate represents the beating of the heart, specifically the  ejection of blood from the left ventricle to the general circulation of the body.  Before the start of exercise, your pre-exercise heart rate usually  rises  above normal, and this is called an anticipatory response. During  exercise, respiration increases based on the amount of activity being  done. When exercise is being completed, there is an increased demand  for gas exchange, due to the circulatory system being under continuous  stress. Oxygen consumption increases rapidly, as well as carbon dioxide  production.  Regular exercise also produces changes in circulation. The blood flow  to working muscles increase, and this means that more oxygen and  energy can be delivered to the muscle cells. Blood volume and the  number of red blood cells also increase with this large flow, and  oxygen  levels rise conside rably.  In our experiment we have decided to test a type of exercise;  use of weight (dumbles). This will affect various parts of the body and is designed  to  build up stamina and keep a regular heart beat. Objective This experiment aims to discover how exercise can  affect the pulse rate of any given individual by testing their pulse  rate after different amounts of exercise and how gender and age affects the pulse rate. Literature Review Research has shown that the pulse rate of men is slower than the pulse rate for women. Different researches have been conducted on the effect of exercise on the health of human being. The studies were intended to examine the influence of exercise on pulse rate, heart rate and fitness of people. Experts from cardiac health suggest that the best way to keep hearts healthy is a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and regular exercise. Exercise that is good for your heart elevates your heart rate. The American Heart Association recommends to do exercise that increases your heart rate to between 50 and 75% of your maximum heart rate. They recommend getting at least 30  minutes of exercise on most days of the week (AHA, 2006). The American Heart Association also suggests that pulse rate for woman is considered normal if it is between 70-80 beats per minute. However, pulse rate may be affected by variables such as age, sex, physical fitness, some drugs/medication, genetics and anxiety. A study of (WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise) revealed that your pulse changes from minute to minute. It will be faster when you exercise, have fever or when you are under stress. It will be slower when you are taking rest. The institute also did an experiment to see the pulse rate difference in males and females. The results of the experiment were that the pulse rate of the females was in fact higher than the male pulse rate by six beats.   The overall female average was 85 beats per minute and the overall for males was 79 beats per minute. Scott Roberts, Ph.D., FACSM, FAACVPR, is an assistant professor in the Department of Physical Education and Exercise Physiology at California State University, Chico. His primary area of expertise is Clinical Exercise Physiology. He has authored and co-authored 10 fitness and exercise science books and over a hundred articles and chapters in books. His studies tell that women have a higher Heart Rate response than men. This response compensates for the lower stroke volumes women have compared to men. The average amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute is referred to as cardiac output. Another research by the American Journal of hypertension concluded that there was no influence of the exercise on pulse rate, blood pressure level and rates of hypertension of the elderly population of ages 50 and above. But the research showed that regular exercise can develop better health and fitness in the younger population. According to (Silverstein, Alvin Dr., et al, The Circulatory System Canada; Fitzhenrey and Whiteside Ltd.  1994), age also affects the pulse rate.   The usual pulse rate for a baby embryo is 150 b.p.m. (beats per minute).The average pulse rate of an infant140 b.p.m and 90 b.p.m in seven years old.   A man from 30-40 years old usually has a pulse rate of approximately 72 b.p.m; this differs from 76-80 b.p.m for a woman of the same age.   Elderly people have the lowest of the other age groups, which is around 50-65 b.p.m.   Women usually have higher pulse rates than men.   Another difference among pulse rates is physical activity. Exercising, such as playing sports, speed your pulse rate up and almost double the speed of your heart.   A study from Brigham and Womens Hospital also conveys the message that the human health can be judged by four vital signs which are Pulse rate, Body temperature, Respiration rate and the Blood pressure. All of these signs can be controlled and regulated by doing regular exercise. Like all other researches Texas Heart Institute also came up with a thought that exercise can help your body in many ways. Aside from helping you to keep a healthy body weight, exercise increases your mobility, protects against bone loss, reduces your stress levels and pulse rates, and helps you feel better about yourself. And research has shown that people who exercise are less likely to develop heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. People of any age or fitness level can benefit from some type of exercise, be it running, walking, ballroom dancing, water aerobics, gardening, or any activity you choose. A study from NEMA (National Emergency Medicine Association) shows that many athletes have pulse rates in the 40 60 range depending on how fit they are. In general a lower pulse rate is good and exercise programs helps doing so. In addition to that declines will be seen in resting heart rate, blood pressure, and stress levels as well. Overall body changes will also be experienced including weight loss and increase of lean body mass. Hypothesis Development Null Hypothesis H0 = There is no relationship between the age, gender and pulse rate. HO: p à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 Alternative Hypothesis HA = There is a relationship between the age, gender and pulse rate. HA: p = 0 Theoretical Framework The dependent variable here is the pulse rate which changes when exercise is carried out. So, exercise, gender and age are the independent variables which can be manipulated to determine the change in pulse rate. Some intervening variable also interrupt the independent variable and create a discrepancy in the results. Identification of Variables Independent Exercise Age Gender Dependent Pulse Rate Intervening variables Such as illness, faulty tools etc. DIAGRAM Dependent Variable Independent Variables Age Gender Exercise Pulse Rate Intervening Variables illness, faulty tools Methodology Nature Of study the nature of the study is hypothesis testing. Data Collection The data for our research was obtained through experiment and some secondary sources of information, which included internet articles, journals and books. Population Our target population consisted of males and females living in Lahore. Sample The sample comprises of 1070 people, half males and half females. Instruments The instruments used were two dumbles weighing 5 kg each, a stopwatch and a pulse meter. Procedure: The methodology was based on field Experiment research. 1070 people (half males and half females) were approached in different parks and market areas of Lahore. Convenience sampling was used i.e(willing people were chosen to be a part of the experiment). Their pulse rates were recorded before exercise. They were each asked to use lift two weights of 5 kg each for five minutes. Their pulse rate after the exercise was then recorded using the pulse meter. Their age and gender was recorded. The results were then recorded in SPSS and conclusions were drawn based on the collected results. Reliability The reliability of the instruments was ensured through test-retest method. For test-retest reliability method five males from the sample were chosen. Their pulse rate before exercise was recorded twice after a time interval of two minutes. The results obtained in both the attempts co-related to a high degree (Co-efficient=0.87). Validity The content validity is ensured since the pulse meter is measuring the pulse of a person per minute. Results The results of the experiment are as follows: Descriptives: The results show that the mean values of pulse rate in males are lower than the mean values of the pulse rate in females. This shows that females have a higher pulse rate than men. The results also prove that the pulse rate increases after exercise, as the means of the pulse rates before exercise are lower than the means of the pulse rates after exercise. N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Without Exercise male 1070 55 105 85.09 10.227 With Exercise male 1070 82 144 116.03 13.118 Valid N (listwise) 1070 N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation With Exercise Female 535 96 144 120.41 10.060 Without Exercise Female 535 70 105 92.19 6.373 Valid N (listwise) 535 Correlation: The table below shows a weak positive correlation between age of males and their pulse rate without exercise. This means that as the ages of males increase, their pulse rate increases. The value is significant. Age Without Exercise pulse Age male Pearson Correlation 1 .270(**) Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 535 535 Without Exercise pulse males Pearson Correlation .270(**) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 535 535 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). The table below shows that there is almost no correlation between the age of females and their pulse rate without exercise. This means that the two variables are not related. Age Female Without Exercise pulse Age Female Pearson Correlation 1 .043 Sig. (2-tailed) .317 N 535 535 Without Exercise pulse female Pearson Correlation .043 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .317 N 535 535 Graphical representation of results Discussion We are of the view that when the body is exercising the muscles respire to  produce energy, so the muscles can contract. Oxygen is needed for this  process; the oxygen is carried in the hemoglobin of the red blood  cell. The heart and lungs need to work harder in order to get a  greater amount of oxygen to the muscles for respiration. In muscle cells digested food substances are oxidized to release energy. These  oxidation reactions are called cellular respiration. When muscles use  oxygen in order to respire the process is called aerobic respiration:  The heart rate rises because during exercise, cell respiration in the  muscles increases, so the level of carbon dioxide in the blood rises.  Carbon dioxide is slightly acid; the brain detects the rising acidity  in the blood, the brain then sends a signal through the nervous system  to the lungs to breathe faster and deeper. Gaseous exchange in the  lungs increases allowing more oxygen into the circulatory syst em and removing more carbon dioxide. The brain then sends a signal to the  senatorial node to make the heart beat faster. As a result the heart  rate would rise.  The length of exercise is  increased; the number of beats per minute will rise. The number of  beats per minute rises steadily because the amount of exercise is gradually increased. The heart reacts to this by increasing the number  of times per minute that it beats so that the muscles have enough  oxygen and glucose to work with the greater amount of exercise. In a trial the body temperature of the  exerciser will rise. The heat of the body will increase the heart  rate which will adversely affect our results, making them less  accurate and reliable. We cannot control if the body heats up during  exercise, only to the extent of using a fan to cool the epidermis of  the skin which would lower the temperature of the blood, thus reducing  the bodys core temperature. This would then keep the heart ra te at a  more natural level when a sample will be exercising. The intervening variables which may act at the point of time and are hard to calculate may affect the findings but we are trying to minimize the chance of error by taking measures. Although exercise increases pulse rate, age and gender definitely have an impact on it also. We saw that as age in men increases, their pulse rate also increases, whereas in females, there is no correlation between the age and pulse rates. Moreover, the mean values of pulse rates for females are higher than the mean values of pulse rates for men. Acknowledgements Our debt to people who have supported us in this whole project is enormous. We highly appreciate their complete support, interest, patience and lucid explanations. We highly appreciate the coordination of individuals most of whom we didnt know who cooperated and showed their consent to complete our research. We are really thankful to Mr. Humair Hashmi who taught and led us to the path of attaining a successful Research. References http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B7CVK-4HCDTJ6-3_user=10_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=c933d0d1170fe63eac5d49a773503097 www.coursework.info//Investigation_to_see_the_effect_of_exerc_L47472.html wiki.answers.com//Why_is_the_pulse_rate_high_after_exercise   www.studentcentral.co.uk//Investigation_to_see_the_effect_of_exerc_L100012.html http://www.cheathouse.com/essay/essay_view.php?p_essay_id=91613 www.jstor.org/stable/80790   http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/schemes2/science/sci5a/sci5aq7?view=get http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1fid=793376jid=ECPvolumeId=2issueId=04aid=793364 www.tki.org.nz/r/science/science/isact_pulse_rates_e.php   http://www.molecularstation.com/research/effect-of-exercise-and-massage-on-the-pulse-rate-arterial-pressure-and-electrocardiogram-in-patients-during-cardiological-rehabilitation-after-myocardial-infarction-5767998.html http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=121764 lose-5-pounds.homeunix.net/effect-of-exercise-on-pulse-rate-pulse-rate.htm ccgi.dcpmicro.plus.com//files/pdf//exercise%20pulse%20rate.pdf   www.patentstorm.us/patents/RE40401.html www.sd67.bc.ca/schools/salc/biology%2012//bplab.pdf   www.umm.edu//what_effects_does_exercise_have_on_other_conditions_000029_8.htm www.deniseallen.org/images/lecture/module3/bplab001.pdf www.8starshop.com//exercise-stop-watch-calorie-heart-pulse-rate-counter.html jp.physoc.org/content/76/1/39.full.pdf http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/Exercise-Stop-Watch-Calorie-Heart-Pulse-Rate-Counter_W0QQitemZ250512726867QQcmdZViewItemQQimsxq20091012?IMSfp=TL091012157003r8163 AHA, 2006. Target Heart Rates, American Heart Association [accessed June 20, 2006 http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4736. WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/pulse-measurement American Journal of Hypertension http://www.nature.com/ajh/journal/v18/n4s/abs/ajh2005608a.html Brigham and womens Hospital http://brighamandwomens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Encyclopedia/85,P00866 Texas Heart Institute http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Topics/HSmart/exercis1.cfm NEMA (National Emergency Medicine Association) http://www.nemahealth.org/programs/healthcare/heart_rate_pulse.htm

Film Analysis of Gladiator Essay -- Papers Movie Analysis Cinematograp

Film Analysis of Gladiator The film Gladiator, directed by Ridley Scott, made its debut on May 5, 2000. Gladiator left its audience with both the highest praise and harshest rebuke. The historical action film was described as a â€Å"flashy, violent spectacle, everything a movie needs to be† by Haro-online, but Stephen Hunter of Entertainment Guide said, â€Å"Thumbs down! Drive that short sword though its palpitating heart, and pay no attention to its squeals for mercy†¦It’s not great. It’s a disappointment, so kill it swiftly and be done.† Reviews that contrast this much lead one to wonder what the criteria for a great historical action film would entail. One important criterion a historical action film must have is a certain degree of historical accuracy. However, a film doesn’t have to mirror history; rather, it has only to give a sense that what takes place in the film could have actually happened. It is nearly impossible to convert history in its exact form over to an entertaining film; therefore, some liberties are certainly allowable in historical accuracy, but the directors must be careful not to stretch the possibilities. Another piece of criteria that fits well with the historical accuracy is how meticulous the setting, costumes, weaponry, and battle scenes are created. A historical action film would lose much credibility if its setting isn’t set in its appropriate time period along with the costumes and props. A majority of the time, this is also where special effects come into play. A filmmaker has to utilize special effects and computer graphics to reconstruct its venue and replicate its date in history. The mos... ...side Movies. So what constitutes a successful historical action movie? Realistic historical accuracy. Amazing attention to detail. Intriguing plot. High emotions. Superb special effects. Outstanding score. Great casting and acting. Rave reviews. Gladiator possesses all these and is the epitome of a great historical action film. Yet accolades alone did not make it a box-office success. Many films garner pre-release raves, yet disappoint in front of an actual audience. Gladiator delivered on all counts, from its early praise to its amazing box-office success, setting records in theatres coast-to-coast. The perfect combination of all these melded with its attention to historical detail make Gladiator worthy of its Best Picture award and a true classic for the ages, much like its classic cousin Ben-Hur.

Fanon and de Beauvoir: Opposing Discrimination Essay example -- Psycho

Fanon and de Beauvoir: Opposing Discrimination All modern (i.e. post-paleolithic) religions contain the "Gnostic trace" of distrust or even outright hostility to the body and the "created" world. Contemporary "primitive" tribes and even peasant-pagans have a concept of immortality and of going-outside-the-body (ec-stasy) without necessarily exhibiting any excessive body-hatred. The Gnostic Trace accumulates very gradually (like mercury poisoning) till eventually it turns pathological. Gnostic dualism exemplifies the extreme position of this disgust by shifting all value from body to "spirit". This idea characterizes what we call "civilization". -Hakim Bey, â€Å"Information War†, c-theory a022 Struggles against ‘injustice’ in the 20th century tend to take a drearily similar form. First the advocate recognizes that not all people are equal, next demands that some irrelevant differences are ignored, and finally tries to make all people people again. This method has become so popular it has been applied â€Å"all the way down† the ladder of inferiority, to declare politically-irrelevant unequal treatment on ‘every possible’ basis. The effort is, in a sense, a drive to move from the â€Å"created† world outside the ‘body’ to a cheery world of equality in the mind. This hostility to the body and exoneration of a universal subject, unfortunately, is also precisely the basic cause of the discrimination one must condemn in step one of struggles for equality. The subject is a problem for many reasons, but the explicit proclamation of the inferiority of some to others relies purely on an ability to say what a person is or sho uld be, and what not. If some are treated as less than human, it may well be because of the category of human itself.... ...attempt to initiate some oppressed groups into the class of oppressors. What may well be needed instead of trading places in the system of constructed identities centered around one ideal subject is a rethinking of the subject itself, a problematization of the role of self that Fanon and de Beauvoir are so anxious to expand just enough to allow in their chosen group. The analogy to Moses is apt, the Gnostic impulse here can be seen in both thinkers as they rescue their people from the servitude in one land, take them through a long initiation process to the promised land, which is disappointing, and then allow them free reign as stable subjects to wage war against their own enemies and dominate the Canaanites as they had been dominated. There is a perverse specter of the golden rule being obeyed: discriminate against others as you were once discriminated against.

Mt. Hood Furniture Pps Sampling Problem

(Mt. Hood Furniture—PPS sampling problem) You have been assigned the task of testing the accuracy of the final inventory compilation for Mt. Hood Furniture. You may assume that you have separately observed the inventory and that you are satisfied that the inventory was accurately counted. However, you need to test that quantities were accurately transcribed to the final accumulation and valuation of inventory and that the inventory is correctly priced and accumulated. The table beginning on page 617 presents the audited values associated with Mt. Hood’s pricing and accumulation of all items in inventory.The book values will be given to you by your professor. You may assume that you have performed the tests to determine the proper pricing for raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. The student should understand that the auditor will normally obtain this information only for the items included in the sample. Required 1. Identify the audit objectives that are a ccomplished by this test. 2. Determine sample size based on the following audit judgments. a. Tolerable misstatement is assessed at $325,000. b. The risk of incorrect acceptance is assessed at 37 percent. c. Anticipated misstatement is assessed at $100,000. . Develop a scenario that is consistent with setting the risk of incorrect acceptance at 37 percent. 4. Select a PPS sample of the above inventory population using the sample size determined in (2) above. 5. Explain the tests that you would perform to test the correctness of pricing of raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. (The student may wish to consult Chapter 16. ) 6. Determine the amount of projected population misstatement based on your sample. 7. Considering your quantitative and qualitative results, develop a statistical conclusion and an audit conclusion based on your sample.

Language Barrier Analysis

Language is defined as the words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them used and understood by a community. It is all around us everyday, being used by each individual to communicate with one another. Without it, the world would be at loss. Although language can act in a uniting fashion, it can also be a divisor between poeople and society. Just like for the two people, Tanya Barrientos and Amy Tan, language was used to unite each of them with their family yet caused problems to arise, which would divide them from their own people or society.Each author uses their own life examples relating the stories to each other yet one author is ostracized from her native people, the other, by an English speaking society. In this we are going to look at two stories side by side and how they relate to one another and how they differentiate. In Tanya Barrientos’ â€Å"Se Habla Espanol† she explains how she was born into a Spanish speaking family but when they moved t o American when she was three, her and her family stopped speaking English.They way she looked at it was back then, speaking Spanish meant all you could do was wait tables and clean hotel rooms and were constantly being looked down on and criticized. Because of this Barrientos enjoyed her Americanized self and that she often acted as to not know any Spanish to feel superior. She believed that by staying away from Spanish, that stereotypes would stay away from her. Once America changed its views on ethnic identity and people were celebrating the ethnic diversity, the Latino community was held together by the Spanish language, yet it was that which kept her apart.She finally decided to swallow her pride and set out to learn the language people assumed she already knew. Although she can follow a large part of Spanish dialogue, she still gets caught up over difficult construction. She believes there are others out there just like her though. In Amy Tans story â€Å"Mother Young† Amy takes a look on the various types of English she uses in her life. She talks about who and what had influenced this type of language. She also focuses on her mother who speaks what we know as â€Å"broken English† because of her mother being a Chinese immigrant.All of this starts with Tan realizing the different types of English she spoke and especially in front of her mother, in a way she has never heard her talk before. This brings in question who influenced her language and her mothers’ effect. Because of Tans mothers’ dialect she was often treated differently in a number of circumstances where as a normal English speaking person wouldn’t have been. Amy feared that because her mothers’ language was limited that people would think what she had to say was limited and that were the perception people got from her.This also caused the question of Amy’s mothers’ language possibly having an effect on limiting her abilities as well. Wh en looking at these stories side by side, the two have many similarities. To start off, they both involve their native language and the barriers that they put up. Both Tan and Barrientos stories involve a foreign language with effects their English language here in the US. This is seen in Tanya’s un-assured self as a Latino and Amy’s mothers broken English. In both a barrier seems to arise when it comes to language.When it came to Tanya Barrientos, people suspected she wasn’t really Spanish due to her trouble with the language. In Amy Tan’s story, her mother came to a barrier when people didn’t take her seriously because of her spoken English. Also, in each story the characters are faced with a sense of inequality. In Se Habla Espanol, Barrientos admits that she enjoyed that people told her she didn’t â€Å"look† Mexican and even denied knowing how to speak Spanish at times which made her feel superior, showing the race boundaries.Als o, there is a section in which they arrive to school late and are hackled for doing so. You can understand it is due to their race because they were generalized as â€Å"you people†. It’s also seen a great amount in Mother Tongue such as how Amy’s mother was treated because of her broken English causing Amy to many times have to speak for her mother. People assumed her mother was inadequate just because her language was limited. In both stories, each person feels a type of judgment from others.For Tanya, is was when the Spanish would notice her stumbling over her words in a difficult situation and for Amy is was how people assumed her mother was inadequate due to her broken English. One final comparison would be both of them challenging themselves to achieve an attainable goal in school that involved their language. Tanya Barrientos did rigorous course study work, taking numerous Spanish classes and even studying in abroad in Mexico to further help her develop h er Spanish speaking tongue.In Mother Tongue, we learn that although her natural skill lied in math and science, she challenged herself and declared herself an English major in college. Although there are a great amount of similarities between the two stories, they also differ in many ways. When it comes to immigration, Tanya Barrientos moved here when she was three years old with her parents hope of her and her siblings to speak nothing but English, but Amy Tan was born here, although her parents are Chinese immigrants. This caused a difference in which way they faced their language barriers.Tanya, although wanting to deny it in her earlier years, was trying so hard to reconnect with her cultural origin and learn their language to authenticate her Spanish heritage. Also so that she could communicate in the language both of her parents spoke to one another. Amy Tan was born here but that didn’t cause her mother to speak perfect English. Her mothers’ English was broken s o she grew up speaking English but listening to her mothers’ incorrect grammar, which influenced her grammatical growth.She wished her mother hadn’t had this impediment, which caused her to be viewed differently but wanted to use her mothers tongue as a guide for who would read the books she was writing. Another difference between the two would just be the point of view each story was written from. In Tanya Barrientos’ story, the main character was herself so it was a direct interpretation of her own experiences. In Amy Tans’ story, her mother was used as a main subject so it was written from how she herself viewed her mother and the events that occurred involving her.Another difference would be the associations made difficult due to the language barrier. For Tanya Barrientos, she struggled to communicate with natives or people fluent in speaking Spanish. Although she was born there and grew up with it through her family, she struggled to communicate effe ctively. In Amy Tans story, her mother had difficulty speaking with people whose first language was English and were effective in communicating so. Another difference would be how in Amy Tans â€Å"Mother Tongue† we learn that in many cases, her mother was given horrible service, acted as if they idn’t hear her or simply ignored due to her broken English. In Tanya Barrientos’ there were examples of her blatantly not using her Spanish speaking tongue to feel better about herself and to be viewed as â€Å"white†. All in all, both stories vary in many ways but are also similar. Their languages, their barriers and the situations that occur do present themselves in different ways for many but the underlying cause is there in universal orient. Although languages are vastly different, they all cause similar altercations.

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India

An Understanding of Sports Sponsorship in India 1. Introduction The boost in competition, produced by the globalization of markets, had made the marketing mix a key factor for companies to be successful, or even to stay alive (Hollensen, 2003). Promotion has become ever more useful to have an effect on consumers’ attitudes and behaviour as a part of the marketing mix. Conventionally, promotion was consisted of advertising, PR and sales promotions (Vignali, 1997). Nevertheless, in modern years, there has been a substantial improvement in sponsorship of organasations and events in the fields of the sports, arts, social aid and broadcasting. This improvement has placed sponsorship at the same level of significance than most conventional promotion tools, particularly advertising (Lardinoit and Derbaix, 2001). In 2004, as per the projections, global spending in sponsorship was estimated to reach US $28 billion (from $23.6 billion in 1999 and $2 billion in 1984), of which 69% relates to sporting events (Meenaghan, 2001). Sponsor ship is a business-related activity where one party allows another a chance to utilize an association with a target audience in exchange for funds, resources or services. Sponsorship activities are used by organisations in a various ways to create brand associations, awareness and to penetrate through the clutter of commercial messages (Fill, 2009). Sponsorship can also be defined as † an investment in cash or kind in an activity, in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that activity. The company promotes its interests and brands by tying them to a specific and meaningful related event or cause† (Rowley and Williams, 2008). Sponsorship investment primarily was perhaps seen as a type of philanthropy; the sponsors may be expecting simply goodwill or nothing as a return (Quattrocchi, 2004; Chadwick and Thwaites, 2005). Considerable amount of sponsorship investments were carried out with no precise explanation or business objective except for helping a favourite sport or event (Davies and Quattrocchi, 2002). As a result in quiet few cases, sponsorship has been talked about as a kind of corporate philanthropy that is the company’s share of profits restored back into community (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Though, lot of researchers affirmed that corporate philanthropy that used to be ascertained as a pure dedication to the community did look for circumlocutory benefits in corporate image, positive attitude towards the company or social recognition in the community, which similar to desired objectives of business sponsorship nowadays (Martnez et al. 2005). Sponsorship investment has been escalating quickly for many years and sport is the biggest area that has been used by sponsorships (Drewer, 2006). Numerous researchers have been produced to reveal how sponsorship works and how its results could be evaluated hypothetically, but the questions still remain debating (Cornwell et al. 2005). Sport has developed into a professional product or a service over the years. The increasing relevance in professional sport has turned it into a productive business, producing great revenues annually (Mason & Cochetel, 2006). Sport players and games have become commercial possessions offering companies new occasions to communicate and develop their brands (Morgen, 2004). Given the verity that sport sponsorships are usually more profitable compared to art or social cause sponsorships (Walliser, 2003), it can be concluded that sport sponsorship is an instrument of communications that ought to be given serious thought as a business investment. The allocations of limited resources with the purpose of attaining definite organisations’ objectives are important segments of sport sponsorship (Slack and Bentz, 1996). Therefore, it has repeatedly been described as a strategic activity in the marketing literature (Carter, 1996).